2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-110111
    T2AA
    		99.04%
    T2AA is a monoubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibitor that prevents DNA repair, increases double-strand break (DSB) formation and promotes necroptosis and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.
    T2AA
  • HY-N2513
    β-Boswellic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    β-Boswellic acid is isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata with anticancer, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-arthritic pain.β-Boswellic acid is an orally active nonreducing-type inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) product formation either interacting directly with the 5-LO or blocking its translocation. β-Boswellic acid inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in human leukemia HL-60 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 7.1 μM. β-Boswellic acid is promising for research of diabetes, inflammatory and arthritic diseases.
    β-Boswellic acid
  • HY-103019A
    (±)-Enitociclib
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    (±)-Enitociclib ((±)-BAY-1251152) is the racemic mixture of Enitociclib (HY-103019E). Enitociclib is a selective CDK9 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. Enitociclib inhibits CDK9 activity and reduces the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Pol II, thereby downregulating the transcription of key oncogenes such as MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib has anti-proliferative activity targeting MYC+ lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has synergistic effects with Bortezomib (HY-10227) and Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), and can be used in the research of hematological malignancies.
    (±)-Enitociclib
  • HY-147338A
    5-Methylcytidine 5′-triphosphate trisodium
    		99.40%
    5-Methylcytidine 5′-triphosphate (5-Methyl-CTP) trisodium is a modified nucleoside triphosphate. 5-Methylcytidine 5′-triphosphate trisodium can apply in replacing unmodified mRNA, resulting in the increase of translational properties and stability, as well as the reduction of innate immune responses in human and other mammalian cells.
    5-Methylcytidine 5′-triphosphate trisodium
  • HY-129046C
    RNase B, Bovine Pancreas
    		Inhibitor
    RNase B, Bovine Pancreas is an N-glycosylated form of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, which is structurally analogous to RNase A. RNase B, Bovine Pancreas promotes the folding of polypeptide chains and performs a chaperone-like function.
    RNase B, Bovine Pancreas
  • HY-W015490
    1,4-Naphthoquinone
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    1,4-Naphthoquinone is an inhibitor with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity targeting DNA polymerase, NF-κB and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A/B), with antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a competitive inhibitor of MAO-B (Ki=1.4 μM) and a non-competitive inhibitor of MAO-A (Ki=7.7 μM). 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits DNA polymerase pol α, β, γ, δ, ε, λ with IC50 ranging from 5.57-128 μM. 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and necrosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities by inducing oxidative stress, depleting glutathione (GSH), inhibiting DNA polymerase-mediated DNA synthesis and blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation. 1,4-Naphthoquinone can be used in anti-bacterial , anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory studies, including inhibition of melanoma and colon cancer cell growth and endothelial cell function, as well as LPS-induced inflammation models.
    1,4-Naphthoquinone
  • HY-B0738
    Dithranol
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Dithranol (Anthralin) is an anthraquinone derivative, with potent anti-psoriatic effects. Dithranol can inhibit DNA replication and repair.
    Dithranol
  • HY-152149
    CTP Synthetase-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    CTP Synthetase-IN-1 is a potent, orally active cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthetase (CTPS) inhibitor with IC50s of 32 nM and 18 nM for human CTPS1 and human CTPS2, respectively. CTP Synthetase-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory effects.
    CTP Synthetase-IN-1
  • HY-156257
    UNC9512
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    UNC9512 is a potent methyl-lysine reader p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) antagonist. UNC9512 can be used to study the role of 53BP1 in DNA repair, gene editing and tumorigenesis.
    UNC9512
  • HY-100549
    (S)-Crizotinib
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    (S)-Crizotinib is a potent and selective MTH1 (mutT homologue) inhibitor with an IC50 of 330 nM. (S)-Crizotinib disrupts nucleotide pool homeostasis via MTH1 inhibition, induces an increase in DNA single strand breaks, activates DNA repair in human colon carcinoma cells, and effectively suppresses tumour growth in animal models.
    (S)-Crizotinib
  • HY-147410
    Ulefnersen
    Ulefnersen (ION363) is an Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO) directed against the 6th intron of the fused-in sarcoma (FUS) transcript to silence FUS in a non-allele-specific manner. Ulefnersen can reduce postnatal levels of FUS protein in the brain and spinal cord in disease-relevant mouse model of ALS-FUS , delaying motor neuron degeneration. Ulefnersen can be used in the research of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) .
    Ulefnersen
  • HY-136650A
    Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium
    		Inhibitor 99.56%
    Fludarabine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP) trisodium, the active metabolite of Fludarabine (HY-B0069), is a potent, noncompetitive and specific inhibitor of DNA primase, with an IC50 of 2.3 μM and a Ki of 6.1 μM. Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking DNA primase and primer RNA formation. Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase and ultimately leads to cellular apoptosis.
    Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium
  • HY-N8332
    Bile extract
    		Inhibitor
    Bile extract (Ox bile extract) is a complex mixture of substances, containing bile acids, cholesterol, and bilirubin. Bile extract has antimicrobial activity and can induce DNA damage and degrade viral and bacterial membranes. Bile extract can be used in bacterial culture media as a selective inhibitor for the isolation and identification of pathogens.
    Bile extract
  • HY-159078
    PolQi1
    		Inhibitor 98.42%
    PolQi1 is a selective inhibitor targeting the Polθ domain of DNA polymerase. PolQi1 inhibits the Polθ-mediated microhomology end joining (TMEJ/alt-EJ) pathway, reducing insertion/deletion (Indels) and imprecise editing events during DNA repair. PolQi1 can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of homology-directed repair (HDR) or Prime editing, and reduce off-target effects; and in combination with DNA-PK inhibitor AZD-7648 (HY-111783), exert efficient genome editing capabilities with dual pathway regulation. PolQi1 can be mainly used in gene editing research (such as CRISPR-Cas9 or Prime editing system optimization) to improve the precision editing efficiency of difficult-to-edit cells (such as primary hepatocytes and mouse embryos).
    PolQi1
  • HY-110286
    6-Hydroxy-DOPA
    		Inhibitor
    6-Hydroxy-DOPA is a selective and effective allosteric inhibitor of the RAD52 ssDNA binding domain. 6-Hydroxy-DOPA can be used for the research of cancer.
    6-Hydroxy-DOPA
  • HY-164607
    YL-5092
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    YL-5092 is an inhibitor for YT521-B homology (YTH) domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1). YL-5092 inhibits acute myeloid leukemia cell with IC50 of 0.28-2.87 μM. YL-5092 exhibits antitumor efficacy in MOLM-13 or U937 xenograft mice.
    YL-5092
  • HY-N6800A
    Netropsin dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Netropsin dihydrochloride is a small-molecule MGB (minor-groove binder) and antibiotic, inhibits the catalytic activity of isolated topoisomerase and interferes with the stabilization of the cleavable complexes of topoisomerase II and I in nuclei. Netropsin dihydrochloride has antibacterial and antiviral activity.
    Netropsin dihydrochloride
  • HY-W013260
    2'-O-Methylguanosine
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    2'-O-Methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside produced in tRNAs by the action of tRNA guanosine-2’-O-methyltransferase. 2'-O-Methylguanosine results in apoptotic changes of cells.
    2'-O-Methylguanosine
  • HY-B1516
    Alovudine
    		99.88%
    Alovudine (3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine) is a mtDNA synthesis inhibitor and a marker of DNA synthesis. Alovudine is less susceptible to inflammatory changes than 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and thus is a better biomarker in pancreatic cancer. Alovudine shows anti-orthopoxvirus and anti-leukemic activity.
    Alovudine
  • HY-148688
    ASO 556089 sodium
    ASO 556089 sodium is a 16 nucleotide length gapmer (3-10-3) that targets the human and mouse long non-coding RNA MALAT1, with the sequence: 5’-GmCATTmCTAATAGmCAGmC-3’ .
    ASO 556089 sodium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity